Atomizer



June 4, 1935. J. L. TAYLOR 2,003,813

ATOMIZER I Filed March 24, 1930 K INVENTOR:

ATTORNEY.

Patented June 4, 1935 UNITED STATES PATEN'i OFFICE 13 Claims.

This invention relates to atomizers and more particularly those used in oil-burning engines, especially of the Diesel type, and an object of the invention is to generally improve the construction and operation of atomizers of this type.

A. further object is to provide an atomizer of this general type which will accomplish substantially perfect atomization under conditions of both large and small injection volume, and which will cause an increase in injection pressure, and consequently in penetrating power of its spray, as its larger capacities are approached, and further objects are to provide the following:

An atomizer having a plurality of injection orifices which open individually and successively as the volume injected increases.

Valve means in such a nozzle for so controlling the individual orifices.

Such a valve means which positively prevents seepage oi fluid past itself when closed.

Such a valve characterized by a piston portion arranged to slide over the ports leading to the individual orifices and to seal them until uncovered by movement of the piston portion.

Such a valve having a seat portion cooperating vdth a complementary seat portion for eiiecting the positive closing above mentioned.

An improved orifice or the form of an elongated, extremely narrow slot, and improved structure permitting the practical and economical manufacture of a nozzle having such orifices.

Other objects and advantages will be apparent from the following specification and accompanying drawings in which:

Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation of a cylinder head showing this invention attached thereto.

Fig. 2 is a section on line 2-2 of Fig. 3'.

Fig. 3 is a plan View indicated at the line 3-3 in Fig. 2-.

Fig. a is a perspective of th spraying cap.

Similar reference characters have been applied to the sameparts throughout the specification and drawings. 7

The device consists of a block portion A from which extends a neck A, the block being attached to a cylinder head H by suitable means suchv as machine bolts B, the neck passing through the water-jacketed head H to expose the spraying cap element K of the atomizer within the engine cylinder. The neck A is machined to provide a bore A the bore being preferably threaded at its lower end to receive a nozzle body" portion N, the latter having a reduced and threaded terminus- N about which isscrewed above mentioned cap K. interposed between the bottom of the cap K and the end face. of said terminus is a gasket Gl, and a similar gasket G-Z- seals the joint occurring between 5 the end of the neck A and a shoulder on nozzle N.

Within the bore A is disposed a tubular stem member T whose upper end forms a head or plug T which is preferably threaded into the block A, the joint being sealed by means of another gasket G-3. The resiliency of the gaskets permits the simultaneous sealing of the joint between the tube T and the nozzle body portion N, and that between the plug T and the block A, the gasket (Bi-3 yielding as the plug is screwed into the block, until the tube T is seated solidly and in liquid-tight manner on body portion N about a boss N. In this manner the inner inaccessible joint is readily made tight without resort to a bulky or complicated structure.

The nozzle body N has a central bore N to receive a piston P, the upper end of which is provided with a spring-seat flange P between which seat and the upper end of the tubular elemerit T is located a pressure spring S, opposing the fluid pressure affecting the piston P'. Because of its length, the spring S may tend to bend or bow, and this is prevented by the guiding walls of the tube T. The tube T, being smaller than and within the bore A leaves an annular chamber about said tube which is supplied with fluid delivered through-a pipe I and a port 2 by means of a fuel injecting pump of suitable or well known type not shown.

The chamber A has an outlet port 3 which leads to a recess or chamber 4 in the end of the terminus N. From this point fluid presses on the end of piston P through a valve seat 5 which cooperates with a conical portion on the end of piston P to prevent fluid flow through the-seat. The piston shank is provided with conventional annular grooves to assure lubrication of the closefitting reciprocable element, and for preventing excessive leakage past the piston. As the piston P rises under fluid pressure, its bore-fitting shank uncovers ducts E3, '1', 8, etc., intersecting the bore N at points spaced along the axis thereof, and so directed as to dispose their outlets in registry with peripherally spaced jet apertures or orifices It, the apertures occurring at the joint between the nozzle body and cap K where a shoulder II is formed, preferably downwardly inclined. The jets l6 are rectangular or otherwise shaped notches in the brim E2 of the cap K, these forming slots between brim l2 and said shoulder when the parts are placed together.

Positive contact will be had without any hindrance from the washer Gi if such is used, since the resiliency thereof is determined so as not to interfere with closing the cap against the shoulder H. The spray outlets ID are arranged to produce flat film-like sprays, preferably of fan shape, and the slight downward pitch is given the outlets so that these sprays will meet a common spray circle in a plane axially displaced from the nozzle, the circle being substantially concentric with, but of less diameter than the cylinder bore, in order to avoid impinging of the flame upon the walls of the cylinder or piston. The outlets or apertures l0 may be of uniform cross section, or flared outwardly, and they are preferably somewhat inclined relatively to the radii of the nozzle and cylinder so as to tend to cause a whirling movement of the contents of the cylinder.

Slight unavoidable leakage past piston P is preferably recovered by a port l3, formed in the tube head or plug T, which communicates with a drain pipe I 4 leading to any convenient receptacle.

For bleeding air or other gas from the apparatus an appropriate needle-valve V, arranged in plug T may be opened toallow such gas to by-pass through a port [5 into the leakage line H. The valve is provided with a head or other actuating means V which permits opening of the valve when necessary.

The operation of the device will be perfectly clear from the above description without other comment than to point out that the fuel under the pressure of the injection pump enters through the duct 1 and passes through the annular passage formed between tube T and neck A, passing then through passage or port 3 into recess 4. It presses against the end of valve 5 and raises it away from its seat against the resistance of spring S, continued movement of the valve exposing the inner ends of ducts 6, 7, 8, etc., so as to gradually increase the discharge capacity of the nozzle as the volume of the injection increases. The capacity of the nozzle is therefore not too great for the small volume of fluid introduced at the beginning of the injection, and neither is it too small for the larger volume introduced toward the end of the injection. Furthermore, as the volume increases, the increased movement of piston valve 5 causes an increase in the pressure of spring S, and this results in an increase in the pressure of the fluid in the various passages, and in the orifices H), with the result that the spray underconditions of heavy load penetrates further into the air charge than is necessary under light loads.

It will also be noted that a construction has been devised which permits the manufacture of miutely narrow slots for orifices instead of mere holes, it being relatively easy to form the notches in cap K of any desired depth, the slots then being of corresponding width when the cap is put in place against the shoulder ll.

Furthermore a structure has been devised in which the long passages A and it (including the interior of tube T) are readily formed Without drilling of long holes, and without diificulty from hidden joints within the apparatus.

The seating portion of the piston valve posi tively prevents any seepage of unatomized fluid into the cylinder either before or after the normal injection period.

The above being a complete description of an illustrative embodiment of the invention, What is claimed as new and desired to be secured by Letters Patent of the United States is:

1. In an atomizer the combination of a body portion provided with a fluid supply passage, a cylinder bore in said body portion, a piston valve reciprocatively supported in said bore, a plurality of fluid discharge passages so located as to be covered by said piston valve in one position thereof and uncovered by reciprocations of said valve to communicate with said fluid supply passage, a plurality of fluid discharge orifices in said body portion at least a part of said orifices being spaced axially of said piston valve from the points at which said passages communicate with said bore, and directed in paths transverse to said discharge passages with which said passages communicate, a valve seat in said body portion, and a portion on said piston valve formed to cooperate with said seat, a spring arranged to yieldingly maintain said portion seated on said seat, a duct leading from said supply passage to said bore at a point at one side of said seat beyond an end of said piston valve in position to subject said end to fluid pressure in opposition to said spring, said discharge passages opening out of said bore on the other side of said seat, said passages being spaced from each other Where they leave said bore in such a manner as to be uncovered successively upon movement of said piston valve under the influence of fluid pressure from said duct acting upon said end of said piston valve in opposition to said spring.

2. In an atomizer the combination of a body portion provided with a fluid supply passage, a cylinder bore in said body portion, a piston valve reciprocatively supported in said bore, a plurality of fluid discharge passages so located as to be covered by said piston valve in one position thereof, and uncovered by reciprocations of said valve to communicate with said fluid supply passage, a plurality of fluid discharge orifices in said body portion with which said passages communicate, certain of said orifices being displaced axially 01' said piston valve from the points of intersection of their respective discharge passages with said cylinder bore, and directed in paths transverse to said passages, a valve seat in said body portion, and a portion on said piston valve formed to cooperate with said seat, a spring arranged to yieldably maintain said portion seated on said seat, a duct leading from said supply passage to a point in said bore beyond an end of said piston valve in position to subject said end to fluid pressure in opposition to said spring, said discharge passages opening out of said bore and being spaced from each other where they leave said bore in such a manner as to be uncovered successively upon movement of said piston valve under the influence of fluid pressure from said duct acting upon said end in opposition to said spring.

3. In an atomizer the combination of a body portion provided with a fluid supply passage, a cylinder bore in said body portion, a piston valve reciprocatively supported in said bore, a plurality of fluid discharge passages so located as to be covered by said piston valve in one position thereof, and uncovered by reciprocations of said valve to communicate with said fluid supply passage, a plurality of fluid discharge orifices in said body portion with which said passages communicate, displaced axially of said piston valve from the points of intersection of said passages with said bore and directed in paths transverse to said passages, a spring. arranged to yieldingly urge said piston in one direction, a fluid pressure receiving surface on said piston facing in the direction of action of said spring, a duct leading from said supply passage to said bore at a point beyond said surface and so located as to subject said surface to fluid pressure tending to move said piston valve in opposition to said spring, said discharge passages opening out of said bore and being spaced from each other Where they leave said bore in such a manner asto be uncovered successively by movement of said piston valve under the influence of fluid pressure onsaid surface. in opposition to said spring.

4. In "an atomizer the combination 'of a body portion provided with a fluid supply passage, a cylinder bore in said body portion, a piston valve reciprocatively supported in said bore, aplurality of fluid discharge passages so located as to be covered by said piston valve in' one position thereof, and uncovered by reciprocations of said valve to communicate with said fluid supply passage, a plurality of fluid discharge orifices in said body portion with which said passages'communicate, displaced axially of said valve from the points at which said passages intersect said here and directed transversely of said passages, means. for reciprocating said piston valve, a duct leading from, said supply passage tosaid bore at one side of said piston valve, said discharge passages opening cut of said bore at a point removed from said duct, and being spaced from each other where they leave said bore in such a l manner as to be uncovered successively by movement of said piston valve member away from said position covering said passages.

5. In an atomizer the combination oi a body portion provided with a fluid supply passage, a cylinder bore in said body portion, a piston valve reciprocatively supported in said bore, a plural ity of fluid discharge passages so located as to be covered by said piston valve in one position thereof, and uncovered by reciprocations of said valve to communicate with said fluid supply passage, a plurality of fluid discharge orifices in said body portion with which said passages coinmunicate, displaced axially ofsaid valve from the points of intersection of said passages with said bore and directed transversely of said passages,

a valve seat in said body portion, and a portion on said piston Valve formed to cooperate with said seat, a spring arranged to yieldingly maintain said portion seated on said seat, a fluid pressure receiving surface on said piston facing in the direction of action of said spring, a duct leading from said supply passage to a point in said bore at one side of said seat beyond said surface and so located as to subject said surface to fluid pressure, said discharge passages opening out of said bore on the other side of said seat Where they will be uncovered upon movement of said piston valve under the influence of fluid pressure on said surface in opposition to said spring.

6. In an atomizer the combination of a body portion provided with a fluid supply passage, a cylinder bore in said body portion, a piston valve reciprocatively supported in said bore, a plurality of fluid discharge passages so located as to be covered by said piston valve in one position thereof, and uncovered by reciprocations of said valve to communicate with said fluid supply passage, a plurality of fluid discharge orifices in said body portion with which said passages communicate, certain of said orifices being displaced axially of said piston valve from the points of intersection of said passages with said bore and directed transversely of said passages, a valve seat in said body portion, and a portion on said piston valve formed to cooperate with'said seat, a spring arranged to yieldingly maintain said portion seated on said seat, to positively cut off the flow of fluid through said bore, a fluid pressure receiving surface on said piston facing in the direction of action of said spring, a duct leading from said supply passage to a point in said bore at one side of said piston Valve and so located as to subject said surface to fluid pres-, sure,'said discharge passages opening outof said bore at a point removed from said duct, and being located where they will be uncovered upon movement of said piston valve under the influence of fluid pressure on said surface in opposition to said spring. f

7. In an atomizer the combination of a body portion provided with a fluid supply passage, a cylinder bore in said body portion, a piston valve reciprocatively supported in said bore, a plurality of fluid discharge passages so located as to be covered by saidpiston valve in one position thereof, and uncovered by reciprocations of said valve to communicate with said fluid supply passage, a plurality of fluid discharge orifices in said body portion with which said passages communicate, certain of said orifices being displaced axially of said piston valve from'the points of intersection of said passages with said bore, and directed transversely of said passages, a spring arranged to yieldingly urge said piston in one direction, a fluid pressure receiving surface on said piston facing in the direction of action of said spring, a duct leading from said supply passage to said bore at a point at one side of said piston valve and so located as to subject said surface to fluid pressure, to tend to move said valve in opposition to said spring, said discharge passages opening out of said bore at a point where they will be uncovered upon movement of said piston valve under the influence of fluid pressure on said surface in opposition of said spring.

8. In an atomizer the combination of an atomizer body having an extended neck portion provided with alfluid supply passage, and terminating in a nozzle element, said element including a nozzle body portion and a cap-portion, an annular rim on said nozzle body portion, and a complementary rim on said cap portion, one of said rims being provided with a plurality of notches, said nozzle body portion and said cap portion being fixed together with said rims in abutting relation, whereby said notches from injection orifices in said nozzle element, and a plurality of ports in said nozzle body portion each leading from said fluid supply passage exclusively to one of said injection oriflces, and valve means individually controlling the admission of fluid to said ports. I

9. In an atomizer the combination of a block portion having an extended neck portion providing a longitudinal bore, a nozzle body fixed in sealing relation with said neck portion at its end remote from said block portion, sealing the bore thereof, and provided with an injection orifice, a plug member in said block portion sealing the other end of said bore and having a spring encasing sleeve extending into said hollow neck portion and of a smaller size than said bore to provide an annular space between said neck and said sleeve, said sleeve being extended from said plug member so as to be forced by said plug member into fluid-tight abutting relation to said nozzle body when said plug is inserted in sealing relation to said bore, a fluid supply passage in said block portion leading to said annular space, and a port in said nozzle body leading from said annular space to said injection orifice, a valve in said nozzle body arranged to intercept fluid flowing from said supply passage to said port, and a spring in said sleeve and arranged to exert an impositive force upon said valve.

10. In an atomizer the combination of a block portion having an extended neckportion providing a longitudinal bore, a nozzle body .fixed in sealing relation with said neck portion at its end remote from said block portion, sealing the bore thereof and provided with an injection orifice, a plug member in said block portion sealing the other end of said bore and having a spring encasing sleeve extended into said hollow neck portion and of a smaller size than said bore to provide an annular space between said neck and said sleeve, said sleeve being of such a length as to be forcedby said plug member into fluid-tight abutting relation to said nozzle body when said plug is inserted in sealing relation in said bore, a fluid supply passagein said block portion leading to said annular space, a piston valve in said nozzle body having one end exposed to the space within said sleeve, a port in said nozzle body leading from said annular space to the other end of said piston valve, a discharge port in said nozzle body leading from said piston valve to said injection orifice, and positioned to be covered by said valve in one position thereof, a spring within said sleeve and arranged to exert an impositive force upon the exposed end of said valve, and a duct leading from the interior of said sleeve to a point of disposition'of leakage, past said valve, said sleeve providing means for preventing buckling of said spring, while dividing the space within said neck into fluid supply and leakage return passages.

11. In an oil-engine atomizer the combination of a block portion provided with a hollow neck portion, a plug closure for said portion terminating in an integral tubular spring encasing stem depending into said neck portion and sufficiently smaller than the bore thereof to form an annular chamber within said portion, a ported nozzle element closing said neck portion at the extremity thereof, engaging said tubular stem, and providing a piston valve bore therein, a spray-cap fixed with said element and providing a plurality of apertures between itself and said element, a reciprocative piston member slidable in said bore, a

spring within said stem arranged to move said piston in one direction, a fluid supply conduit communicating with said annular chamber, a passage in said nozzle element leading from said annular chamber and so disposed as to subject said piston to fluid pressure in opposition to said spring, a series of ports intersecting said bore and spaced from each other axially thereof, said ports being sealed by said piston in the absence of fluid pressure in said passages but positioned to communicate successively with said passage upon movement of said piston under fluid pressure, said ports leading to and communicating with said apertures.

12. In an atomizer the combination of a body portion having a neck extending therefrom for projection into an engine cylinder, said neck and body portion providing a fluid passage leading to a chamber within the end of said neck within said engine cylinder, a piston valve bore Within said neck leading from said chamber in a direction away from said end, said bore being enlarged a short distance from said chamber to provide a valve seat in said bore, a piston valve slidable in said bore and having a surface exposed to pressure in said chamber, a seating surface on said valve complementary to said valve seat, a resilient element arranged to yieldingly urge said valve into seating position on said valve seat, and a plurality of discharge ports leading from said bore said piston valve having a portion slidable over said ports in sealing relation therewith, said ports being so located as to be covered by said portion in the seated position thereof, and uncovered successively upon sliding of said piston valve under fluid pressure on said surface in opposition to said resilient element.

13. In an atomizer the combination of a body portion having a neck extending therefrom for projection into an engine cylinder, said neck and body portion providing a fluid passage leading to a chamber within the end of said neck within said engine cylinder, a piston valve bore within said neck leading from said chamber in a direction away from said end, a piston valve slidable in said bore and having a surface exposed to pressure in said chamber, a resilient element arranged to yieldingly urge said valve in one direction, and a plurality of discharge ports leading from said bore said piston valve having a portion slidable over said ports in sealing relation therewith, said ports being so'located as to be covered by said portion in one position thereof, and uncovered successively upon sliding of said piston valve under fluid pressure on said surface in opposition to said resilient element.

' JOHN LEONARD TAYLOR. 

